child development Essay -- essays research papers

IDENTIFY WHAT YOU CONSIDER TO BE KEY FEATURES DEVELOPMENT OF INFANTS,AND EXPLORE THEIR IMPLICATIONS FOR THEORIES OF shaver DEVELOPMENT.INTRODUCTIONWhen infants argon born they want to be loved and cared in what ever kindreds they are with their caregivers, so that they could survive and could feel sense of security and affectionateness , which without a caregiver is impossible ,talking about caregivers ,mother would be the primary source of forming an infants initial relationship by whom the baby would take his first leap towards his growth and development and would keep continuing making his advances further in many domains of psychological development , whether social or cognitive. Some bring out features which play an strategic role in his early psychological development are mesh topology, imitation, and scaffolding .But which theoretical approach of development would imply in infants early psychological development , will it be behaviorism, nativism, constructivism or soc ial constructivism or will they over lap with wizard another(prenominal) in their implication thus it would be analyzed and explored during the mother and infant interaction and behaviour in different processes like imitation, scaffolding etc but what are these processes? And how they influence and play an important role in types of psychological development (social, cognitive, and in language development)KEY FEATURES OF INFANT FIRST RELATIONSHIPMeshing is one of the key features of relationship in mother infant interaction. Behaviour of both an infant and mother are meshed together.The common situation of meshing is witnessed when a smooth conversation between two people is going on and each person waits for his turn taking either to speak or to listen, this indicates shared action happening simultaneously.Trevarthen(1993) called it as co-regulation the aspects of turn taking and synchronizing, further much he described them through speech and non verbal behaviour, such as nods, eye contacts and clay movements, moreover he puts in by saying neither a caregiver nor the baby needs to be skilled at the management of these human body of interactions. So this could mean that in early mother-infant interaction the infant share true dialogues with his mother which are named as pseudo-dialogues and further give the baby an in effect(p) role in his interaction to experience relatedness. Therefore the infant begins to form... ...gful conversation like dialogues and which happened due to the baby being very active within his corporal and social environment ie by his mother and by bringing toys and books as objects to his experience.Model of transactional period is described by contructivist ,piaget as when a baby bird has its own active role within his development and that what it all sums up towards the implication of all theoretical approaches as well as regarding the three important key processes of early infant relationships.CONCLUSIONThus it can be conclude d evidently that the key features in infants first relationship are meshing, imitation and scaffolding .Moreover they play a vital role in the early psychological development for example in the process of meshing we discovered the early development of language skills and in imitation the cognitive development etc.When it comes to the implication part we can evidently say more than one theorectical approach over lapped with the other theory.To sum it all up we discovered that the three key processes of meshing , imitation and scaffolding also precipitation into the transactional model described by Piaget as when a child is active within his development.

Word Processing Technology and the Process of Writing :: Technological Essays

vocalise Processing Technology and the Process of Writing Word processors have been in use in our country and across the globe for quite some time. Elementary school students, High school Students, as well as College and University students all use them everyday to produce scripted texts from many different genres. Pens and paper have been forgotten. Has the formal process of writing also been forgotten? Have word processors changed the way people write permanently (I misspelled that word and fixed it using spell check)? The most recognized exposition, if there is one, of a writing process was formulated by Flowers and Hayes in 1980. They were dickens of the first theorists to formally recognize that there are basically three distinct types of cognitive writing processes. The first is the process of planning. This is where the writer will get back what to say and exactly how to say it. The next step is the actual generation of written text. This process occurs when t he writer uses their plan to produce an actual piece of writing. The uttermost process in the Flowers and Hayes model is revision. This is where the writer makes all possible revisions to improve the quality of their written fiddle. These three processes do not appear to follow in any specific order. There is no set pattern to follow. The order with which the writer engages in and completes each process, as well as the meter of time each writer spends performing each process, will vary depending upon the organization methods of the writer. The writer will look at their own individual goals and go down how to manipulate the various processes to best meet their agenda. Theoretically, these students could be moving their work forward in a purposeful direction by backtracking through a given process. This model enforced the idea that writing is a recursive process rather than a straightforward linear process incapable of world altered. The Flowers and Hayes model has often been re ferred to as the writing process approach. Of course there are many other credible models for the writing process, but this definition suits my purposes by providing a backdrop for discussing the changes made by word processors on a long accepted, though often debated, definition of the writing process (Barrow 13-18). Word processors are good for storing data, manipulating and formatting individual characters which make up the text of a final written document, and improving the writing mechanics of student work as a whole.

Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear E

Action and Observation in mogul Lear Auden once asserted that Shakespearean catastrophe is necessarily parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are so implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting this story in his own way.1 The sufferings of the hero could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek cataclysm, much(prenominal) a notion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a character can be traced back to the discontent of the gods. Hippolytus is not a moral agent Hamlet is. The esthetical of Shakespearean tragedy is therefore dynamic, with an audience that, to a certain extent, are also participants. Auden proposes a model of observing based upon an Aristotelian conception of drama, unitary(a) that involves the spectator in an emotional relationship with the characters on stage. King Lear too, offers the audience several quite distinct paradigms of both observat ion and action, and crucially, it is on the varying successes of these models that the tragedy hinges. One does not need to look far in King Lear for a figure that might fit Audens mould. Kent surely embodies that which Schlegel termed the science of compassion in the play.2 He is in public traduced and humiliated by Lear in Act I, Scene 1, and yet, in the guise of Caius, risks his life in order to serve his king still. Kent observes Lears hideous rashness (I.i.153) and he is motivated into combat-ready in his masters sufferings I have a journey, sir, shortly to go My master calls me I must not say no. (V.iii.323-324) The simple rhyme, metric balance, and syllabic plainness of this couplet infuse the lines with a sen... ...onathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 381 3 Samuel can buoyson, keisterson as Critic, ed. John Wain, Routledge & Kegan Paul 1973, pp. 216-217 4 John Willet, The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, Methuen 1964, p.170 5 Ibid, p.172 6 Euripides, Alcestis and other plays, trans. John Davie, Penguin 1996, p.80 7 The Romantics on Shakespeare, ed. Jonathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 390 8 Kiernan Ryan, King Lear The Subversive Imagination in New Casebooks King Lear, ed. Kiernan Ryan, Macmillan 1993, p.80 9 A. C. Bradley, Shakespearian Tragedy, Macmillan 1908, p.55 10 W. H. Auden, The Dyers Hand and Other Essays, Vintage New York 1989, p.201 11 Harold Bloom, Shakespeare The Invention of the Human, Fourth Estate 1999, p.481 12 William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (plate 3 lines 11-12) in The Complete Poems, Penguin 1977, p.181 Action and Observation in Shakespeares King Lear Essay -- King Lear EAction and Observation in King Lear Auden once asserted that Shakespearean tragedy is necessarily parabolic, pertaining to the only myth that Christianity possesses that of the unrepentant thief. We as the spectators are thence implicated in the action since each of us is in danger of re-enacting this story in his own way.1 The sufferings of the hero could be our own sufferings, whereas in Greek tragedy, such a notion is precluded precisely because the misfortunes of a character can be traced back to the discontent of the gods. Hippolytus is not a moral agent Hamlet is. The aesthetic of Shakespearean tragedy is therefore dynamic, with an audience that, to a certain extent, are also participants. Auden proposes a model of observing based upon an Aristotelian conception of drama, one that involves the spectator in an emotional relationship with the characters on stage. King Lear too, offers the audience several quite distinct paradigms of both observation and action, and crucially, it is on the varying successes of these models that the tragedy hinges. One does not need to look far in King Lear for a figure that might fit Audens mould. Kent surely embodies that which Schlegel termed the science of compassion in the play.2 He is in public traduced and humiliated by Lear in Act I, Scene 1, and yet, in the guise of Caius, risks his life in order to serve his king still. Kent observes Lears hideous rashness (I.i.153) and he is motivated into participate in his masters sufferings I have a journey, sir, shortly to go My master calls me I must not say no. (V.iii.323-324) The simple rhyme, metric balance, and monosyllabic plainness of this couplet infuse the lines with a sen... ...onathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 381 3 Samuel Johnson, Johnson as Critic, ed. John Wain, Routledge & Kegan Paul 1973, pp. 216-217 4 John Willet, The Theatre of Bertolt Brecht, Methuen 1964, p.170 5 Ibid, p.172 6 Euripides, Alcestis and other plays, trans. John Davie, Penguin 1996, p.80 7 The Romantics on Shakespeare, ed. Jonathan Bates, Penguin 1992, p. 390 8 Kiernan Ryan, King Lear The Subversive Imagination in New Casebooks King Lear, ed. Kiernan Ryan, Macmillan 1993, p.80 9 A. C. Bradley, Shakespearian Tragedy, Macmillan 1908, p.55 10 W. H. Auden, The Dyers Hand and Other Essays, Vintage New Y ork 1989, p.201 11 Harold Bloom, Shakespeare The Invention of the Human, Fourth Estate 1999, p.481 12 William Blake, The Marriage of Heaven and Hell (plate 3 lines 11-12) in The Complete Poems, Penguin 1977, p.181

Universal Health Care :: Medical Insuance Health

To mean solar day with the advanced progress of medical science and the wellness system capacity, the populations health c ar seeking behavior is much more improved. However the fact that batchs access to good health care should or should not depend on social factors such as their level of income or social status has so far aroused much concerns. As far as I concerned, all hoi polloi should be allowed to access health care services regardless of their social backgrounds. First of all, good health care access is considered as one of the essential human rights. This matter has become far more pressing in this modern society. People day by day suffer from inevitable new threats that strongly affect their length of life such as terminal illness, accidents, epidemics and other emerging diseases ilk stress or hurry sicknesshealth care service is therefore very important to ensure peoples survival for the inaugural and then step by step improve people s quality of life. In the second p lace, getting accessed to health system for all people is one of the effective solutions to narrow down the gap between the rich and the poor. As the poor are offered chances to improve both physical and mental health, they are more likely to get jobs and work more efficiently. In this way, they are able to escape the daunting poverty and explore their potential capacity.However, some high-income people suggest that it is unfair for them to pay high taxes in order to cover the health care expenses for the poor. To my mind, are they so selfish? Whether or not they envision the fact that the poors cheap source of labor partly contributes to their affluence. Moreover, the lower-class are those who severely suffered from negative affects caused by the higher-class accumulation such as environment pollution, inflation, discrimination and so on.

high academic standards :: essays research papers

An Avenue to High Academic StandardsIn her article An Avenue to High Academic Standards, Lynn Olson argues that A prominent misconception surrounding school-to-work is that it downplays intelligent achievement, and that school-to-work can encourage young people to pursue education and training beyond tall school. A school-to-work program enables a student to go to a regular school and ensure classes just like any other regular high school student, but they are also required to attend additional training in a real world work environment. School-to-work programs are achievable and attractive to students whose schools are participating and Lynn Olson does a good theorize of arguing her point.High-quality school-to-work programs combine learning in school and in the workplace. This makes sense, without efficient entrusted employers who are willing to participate in the school-to-work program, the support of the school would be undermined and the carcass would most likely fail. The school-to-work program enables students to get hands on experience within the workplace while at the same time giving them a reprieve from their textbooks. Lynn Olson argues that there have been studies that suggest school-to-work can help address one of the greatest problems in education motivation. This makes sense and I believe this to be a very accurate and significant argument. Without motivation students will find it very difficult to get things started and to complete their tasks. This not only happens with academics but in life general. Lynn Olson argues, A majority of American teenagers in national surveys describe their education as boring. I can attest to that. Both in high school, and in college I have had to learn about subjects that I can careless about and because of this the motivation factor was extremely low. Although they think its primary(prenominal) to graduate, they dont think that doing well in school matters. I tend to agree with this. I believe that graduat ion is the key factor, and this is the reason wherefore kids go to school. School-to-work programs can alleviate some of the boredom that studying out of textbooks can have. School-to-work can help young people answer the question, Why do I have to learn this? Lynn Olson claims that research from various corporations, and research companies argue that school-to-work activities can slash boredom and re-engage students in schooling. Once again this makes sense. Give students the woof to get out of the schoolroom and into the workforce as interns, gives them the opportunity to have a better understanding of the real world outside of the textbook and classroom environment.

high academic standards :: essays research papers

An Avenue to High Academic StandardsIn her article An Avenue to High Academic Standards, Lynn Olson argues that A salient(ip) misconception surrounding check-to-work is that it downplays intellectual achievement, and that school-to-work can encourage young people to pursue education and training beyond high school. A school-to-work program enables a student to go to a regular school and attend classes just like any other regular high school student, but they are to a fault required to attend additional training in a real world work environment. School-to-work programs are achievable and attractive to students whose schools are participating and Lynn Olson does a good job of arguing her point.High-quality school-to-work programs combine learning in school and in the workplace. This makes sense, without efficient entrusted employers who are willing to participate in the school-to-work program, the support of the school would be undermined and the system would most likely fail. The s chool-to-work program enables students to get hands on experience within the workplace while at the same clipping giving them a reprieve from their textbooks. Lynn Olson argues that there have been studies that suggest school-to-work can help address one of the greatest problems in education motivation. This makes sense and I believe this to be a very accurate and significant argument. Without motivation students will find it very difficult to get things started and to complete their tasks. This not lone(prenominal) happens with academics but in life general. Lynn Olson argues, A majority of American teenagers in national surveys describe their education as boring. I can attest to that. two in high school, and in college I have had to learn about subjects that I can careless about and because of this the motivation factor was extremely low. Although they study its important to graduate, they dont think that doing well in school matters. I tend to agree with this. I believe that graduation is the anchor factor, and this is the reason why kids go to school. School-to-work programs can alleviate some of the boredom that studying out of textbooks can have. School-to-work can help young people practise the question, Why do I have to learn this? Lynn Olson claims that research from various corporations, and research companies argue that school-to-work activities can slash boredom and re-engage students in schooling. Once once again this makes sense. Give students the option to get out of the classroom and into the workforce as interns, gives them the opportunity to have a better understanding of the real world out-of-door of the textbook and classroom environment.

Employee Motivational Theories and Concepts Essay

Numerous theories on the subject of employee pauperism have been developed and published for the better part of this century. While early employers thought of their change by reversalers as just another input into the exertion of goods and services (Lindner, 1998), employees were becoming increasingly dissatisfied with working conditions and malevolent management. As post-war, labor tensions mounted in the 1920s, employers require to change their approach to employee relations if they were to avoid costly, and sometimes violent, labor strikes. Early penuryal theories set the constituteation for the development of 20th century judgments, including the move to pass away Googled and motivational techniques based on transmission line strengths found in the corporate toolbox.Early Motivational TheoriesGeorge Elton Mayo, an Australian-born psychologist and Harvard Professor, began signifi go offt research in 1927 in an attempt to controvert that employees, if appropriately motiva ted, are more productive and can achieve greater return by appropriate human relationship management techniques (Trahair & Zaleznik, 2005). This research, referred to as the Hawthorne Studies, found that employees are not only motivated by financial gain, but also by the behavior and attitude of their supervisors.During these studies, the employees responded positivistly to the mere particular that they were receiving care from their supervisor as a result of the experiment. In his article, Gordon Marsh all (1998) noted that the term Hawthorne effect is now widely used to refer to the behavior-modifying effects of be the subject of social investigation, regardless of the context of the investigation. More generally, the researchers concluded that supervisory style greatly affected worker productivity (para. 1) and that enhanced productivity whence depends on management sensitivity to, and manipulation of, the human relations of production (para. 2). This represented a dramatic paradigm shift for employers and theorists alike.Subsequent to the conclusion of the notorious Hawthorne Studies, five primary motivational theories have developed that have increased the understanding of what truly motivates employees. They are Maslows need-hierarchy, Hertzbergs two-factor system, Vrooms apprehension theory, Adams equity theory, and Skinners reinforcement theory. Maslow identified that employees, in general, have five primary levels of needs that include psychological (e.g. air, food, shelter), safe (e.g. security, order, stability), belongingness (e.g. love, family, relationships), esteem (e.g. achievement, status, responsibility), and self-actualization (McLeod, 2007). Maslow further noted that, in order to provide motivation, the lower levels would need to be satisfied before one progressed to the higher levels.Hertzberg classified motivation into two, distinct factors. He believed that intrinsic factors (or motivators) produce job satisfaction through achiev ement and recognition while unessential (or hygiene) factors produce dissatisfaction. He identified extrinsic factors to be associated with compensation and perceived job security, or lack thereof. Vroom theorized that demonstrated effort would operate to performance which, in turn, would lead to reward (either positive or negative). The more positive the reward the more highly motivated the employee would be. To the contrary, negative rewards would result in a lesser motivated employee.Adams found that employees privation to ensure that there is a sense of fairness and equity between themselves and their co-workers. He believed that equity is achieved when employees are contributing, in terms of input and output, at the equivalent rate. Skinners theory was likely the most simplistic, He established that employees will repeat behaviors that lead to positive outcomes and eliminate or minimize behaviors that lead to negative outcomes. He conceived that, if managers positively rein force desired behavior, it would lead to positive outcomes and that managers should negatively reinforce employee behavior that leads to negative outcomes (Lindner, 1998).James R. Lindner, Professor of Management and interrogation at Ohio State University, has conducted extensive research on this topic. In his paper Understanding Employee Motivation, he further extrapolated on the five theories, providing a comparative analysis, and fling a summary definition that focuses on the psychological process and inner force associated with the accomplishment of personal and organizational goals (Lindner, 1998). 20th Century ConceptsIn step-up to studying popular theories associated with employee motivation, Lindner (1998) includes the methodology and outcomes of an independent study, conducted at Ohio State University, that sought to rank the importance of ten motivating factors. The results of this study were compelling with interesting work ranking as number one over other more commonly identified motivators, such as wages and job security. In analyse these results with Maslows hierarchy of needs, among others, he found that the results are mixed, with the highest ranked factor (interesting work) being one of self-actualization and contrary to Maslows findings (Lindner, 1998).This presents a divergent result that challenges Maslows assumption that the lower needs must be satisfied before a person can achieve their potential and self-actualize (McLeod, 2007, para.16). This does not negate Maslows work, but rather demonstrates that a natural evolution may have taken place with the modern workforce due to the progression of motivation strategies. This is a credit to the work of early theorists, and a call to arms for those that continue this research. Get Googled plainly history has yet to definitively answer the question, what is the best method(s) to motivate employees? The imprecise answer continues to be it depends. Many successful organizations incorporate a va riety of programs aimed at motivating their employees, based on their specific population. Google Inc., for example, is leading the way to restructure management so that employees can streamline creative ideas that produce blockbuster new products.They are rewarding employees with perks like onsite swimming pools, allowing employees to bring their pets to work, providing onsite child care, and all the free food employees want (How Google Inc. Rewards Its Employees, 2010, Thinking Leaders, para.1). While this may not be realistic for every organization, there is something to be said about the fact that Google, Inc. is consistently ranked by Fortune magazine as the best place in the U.S. to work. However there are things that a company can do to motivate their employees that are low or no cost and likely already exist in their corporate toolbox.The Corporate Toolbox or so successful organizations pride themselves on their ability to promote their product or service to achieve the des ired level of profitability. They develop strategic plans, set production goals and persuade their customers that they are best of the best in their field. They are advertisers and peddlers of wares. So what does this have to do with motivation? Robert Hershey, Director of James E. Rogers College of Law at the University of azimuth and contributing author to the Journal of Managerial Psychology, contends that there is a significant correlation between an organizations ability to successfully promote their business and thrive at motivating their employees. He notes that we do not need one more theory of motivation we need better insight into the psychological science of advertising. We can take some tried-and-true product advertising techniques that have been found to be effective and use them in a human resources and management context.But before we do that, the point must be made that, as a practical matter, our vocabulary and attention require a shift from the motivation jargon o f needs, expectancy, two-factor theories, etc., to an emphasis on communications practices, because persuasion requires the transmission of information (Hershey, 1993). If Hershey is correct, then an emphasis on communication and inclusion would create an environment ripe(p) for employee motivation. One could also argue that, if communication is key, allowing input and empowered decision making is the next logical step to producing a motivated employee. Carolyn Wiley, Professor of work at Roosevelt University, concurs with this notion and provides the following supporting statements in her article Creating an Environment for Employee Motivation When employees have an opportunity to provide input, this increases their survival rate and their sense of commitment. In many very small companies, a natural sense of ownership often develops among the employees.However, as companies grow, feelings of ownership and commitment start to decline. To increase commitment as the organization gro ws, managers must change how they define who retains control. Shared decision making is essential both to company success and employee survival. Workers generally do not support their own ideas and decisions. Rather, they are motivated to fulfill them. (Wiley, 1992, para.14) While this may seem threatening to traditional leaders, it should not be viewed as surrendering control. Employees that are empowered through inclusion are ambassadors for organizational success.It is only through mutual success that both the employee and company thrive. It seems so simple, but eludes even the most progressive of companies. some organizations are more inclined to spend thousands of dollars creating recognition programs, building home office environments, developing bonus structures and hosting employee appreciation events rather than recognizing that most employees are provided looking to be valued. The same attention that motivated the Hawthorne workers applies to the modern employee who jus t wants to contribute and receive credit for their effort.ConclusionThere is certainly compelling consequence to indicate that employee motivation comes in many forms. Whether one places their belief in the theoretical assumptions of a Maslow or Hertzberg, their financial backing in the creation of a Google-esque environment, or capitalize on their organizational strengths to communicate and persuade, there is clear agreement that the ability to successfully motivate employees is essential for corporate success and sustainability. The concept of positive human relation management has finally taken its place at the forefront of organizational strategies and, with it, the evolution of employee motivation.ReferencesTrahair, R. & Zaleznik, A. (2005). Elton Mayo The Humanist Temper. New Brunswick, NJ Transaction PublishersMarshall, G. (1998). A Dictionary of Sociology Hawthorne Studies. Retrieved from Encyclopedia.com http//www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-Hawthornestudies.html Lindner, Ja mes R. (1998). Journal of Extension Understanding Employee Motivation. Retrieved from http//www.joe.org/joe/1998june/rb3.phpMcLeod, S. A. (2007). Simply Psychology Maslow Hierarchy of Needs.Retrieved from http//www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.htmlHow Google Inc. rewards its employees. (2010). Retrieved from Thinking Leaders website http//www.thinkingleaders.com/archives/517Hershey, R. (1993). A practitioners view of motivation. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 8(3), 10-10. Retrieved from http//ezproxy.arbor.edu80/login?url=http//search.proquest. com/docview/ 215865845?accountid=13998 Wiley, C. (1992). Create an environment for employee motivation. HR Focus, 69(6), 14-14. Retrieved from http//ezproxy.arbor.edu80/login?url=http//search.proquest.com/ docview/206781828?ac countid=13998

Learning How to Become a Massage Therapist Essay

All in all, my massage career was not only when financially rewarding unless emotionally satisfying as well, knowing that I was helping people overcome their stresses in life and helping them live a healthier life with less pain. It all started with grinding my grandfathers feet as a kid. Who knew that I was developing my sense of touch for the relief of stress when competing with my brothers to see who could get my grandfather to fall dormant the fastest by rubbing his feet? I had no idea that in those early days, I would take that noesis and turn it into a worthwhile career. And and as satisfying as it was, it was a good deal more taxing on my body than I had anticipated. But becoming a massage therapist wasnt as easy as just going to school to learn a few strokes.It frontmost took instruction Anatomy, Physiology, Kinesiology, and Pathology, then learning various techniques and lay them to practice. The whole process was a bit daunting at first, because at the time, I rea lly didnt digest any knowledge of muscles, bones, ligaments, or tendons much less about the many systems in our bodies, desire the cardio vascular system, respiratory system or the endocrine system. The book studying alone took a heap of time, because there was a lot to memorize. I honestly didnt know that there was going to be that much book learning. But much like Frederick Douglass in Learning to Read and Write, where he said When I was sent on errands, I always took my book with me, and by doing one part of my errand quickly, I found time to get a lesson in, I carried my book with me much everywhere I went so that if I had just a few supererogatory minutes, I could study. Despite all the memorization, the main part to massage therapy was learning the actual soft tissue manipulation techniques and putting them to good use. The most habitual type of massage that is practiced in the United States is called Swedish massage. The origin of Swedish massage was developed by Per Hen rik Ling (1776-1889), who was a Swedish physiologist, when he developed what he called medical gymnastics, which later became what we call Swedish massage today. The parts to Swedish massage are effleurage, kneading, friction, stretching and tapotement.Inclass, we first learned these techniques from our books one part at a time, and one section of the body at a time. We then spent time practicing what we had learned on our fellow students. I wont lie it was really nice getting 4 massages a week, even though at the beginning of school, we were quench learning proper technique and some other students simply did not know what they were doing. But, there were many times I had fallen asleep during the applicatory part of class as we each practiced our approach to the various parts of massage. As the weeks and months went by, the learning curve became easier and easier to overcome as everyone became more old(prenominal) with all the information in the book and improved their technique from the many hours of practice daily in class. Not only were we practicing the proper movements in massage, but also appropriate positioning of a client to maintain modesty. Yes, because of the very nature of massage, and because the client is usually naked and vulnerable, part of the learning process was how to shake off a client carefully, without exposing them to the entire room, especially since we were in a large room with all of our fellow students. This part was probably the trickiest, considering that a sheet merchantman easily shift as a person is moving and flipping over underneath it and just isnt as simple as it may seem. some(prenominal) times, the sheet would get hung up on a body part that ultimately would display someones nether regions to the rest of the free terra firma that might be within eyesight. But with practice, it became easier and perhaps like second nature. Perhaps one of the most surprising things about my experience in learning how to become a Massa ge Therapist was how sore my whole body would be after a week in class. Even though I was pretty fit at the time, and worked out regularly, massage therapy proved to work my muscles in ways that I hadnt done so before. Not only did my hands hurt, which was expected with all the repetitive motion, but my neck and back as well for the very same reason. By the time I had holy with my internship at the school, I felt like I had been beaten up by tropical storm. However, taking the Texas State Boards for my license was probably the most nerve-racking and taxing event of the entire process in becoming a Massage Therapist.Even though I was very confident in my knowledge for the multiple-choice exam, the one thing that most people had failed in the past was the video portion of the test, to demonstrate proper draping of a client. Thankfully, I didnt have to flip my client on the table, and the possibility of flashing thecamera was lessoned. In the end, it was a shame that I eventually had to stop working as a Massage Therapist because of an injury in my hands. Carpal tunnel isnt just a syndrome that affects people who type regularly it can affect anyone that overuses their wrists or hands. It caused such debilitating pain for me, which made me change a fulfilling career that I took considerable care to learn as much as I could to make me as strong of a Massage Therapist as I could manage.

Philosophy- Locke Hume and Kafka Essay

1. Explain how Locke and Hume view personal identity, or the Self. How do you see Kafkas Metamorphosis as exemplifying these philosophical themes? You may choose Locke or Hume or both(prenominal), or argue why you see neither of their theories as showing up in Kafkas work. Lockes system of personal identity does not rely on substance to explain personal identity.Lockes theory is person one at period deuce is the same person as person two at time one if and only if person one and person two are both persons and person one can remember at time two (his doing) what person two did or felt or what have you at time one. Humes theory of the self-held that the self is nothing but a bundle of experiences or perceptions linked by the relations of causation and resemblance or, more accurately, that the by trial and error warranted idea of the self is just the idea of such a bundle.In Metamorphosis Kafka takes on Lockes view of the self. Kafka illustrates that Gregor Samsa is the same perso n as he was when he was human even though he has changed into a bug. Kafka does this by showing that Gregor still has the same thoughts, memories, and tries to continue the same routine even though he has become a bug.Gregor stills tries to wake up and catch the train for work, he still knows how his sister, parents, and boss will act, and he still has the same feelings and emotions towards his purport and the people who are in it. All of these explain go along with Lockes view of the self verses Humes theory.

Case Analysis Callaway Golf Company Essay

When it comes to the factors contributed to Callaway Golf Comp some(prenominal)s advantage, the tremendous effort it made on updating technology was one thing. With precedential Executive Vice President like Richard Helmstetter, who is the Chief of New Products as well, Research and Development has always been the lifeblood of Callaway Golf Company (CGC). Helmstetter believes that If you can make something sufficiently good, what it termss doesnt matter. CGC was consistently be on the leading position of technology, which differentiated their intersection points from otherwises and led to the results that CGC sold more units of equipment at the higher price than any other of its competitors in the market. The consumer behavior in golf equipment industry was another factor that led to CGCs success. First, golf was unlike almost any other sport, the equipment contend a significant role in golfers performance. Therefore, golfers always seeking for an edge that would help improve t heir plays.Average golfers, who were the segment CGC targeted, were fit to tell the noticeable differences when they used premium equipment. The advanced technologies CGC had with their products perfectly fitted the behavior. Second, when making a purchase, most golfers accepted word-of-mouth recommendations. The form of advertising worked for CGC since golf was played in groups of people who spent hours together, and whenever one player had a good shot with a new club, it impressed others. The last factor that contributed to CGCs success was the support mechanisms it provided to its retailers. As CGC achieved product differentiation with continuously updated technology, it was important for retail salespeople to understand the product and technology well.To accomplish the goal, CGC supplied its retailers with brochures, informational videos, pocket-sized product guides, and training. CGC also provided product advertising, endorsements, warranty programs and most importantly, the c loseouts to help its retail channels. Closeouts occurred when a new-product introduction or when CGC would like to get rid of its inventory and it helped the retailers to bring down the average cost of the remaining inventory as well. As a result of these support mechanisms, CGC was placed in top three for excellence in customer service.

Critically Assess the Uses and Limitations of Financial Statements Essay

Critically assess the uses and demarcation lines of financial rehearsals The definition for a financial statement is a written idea which quantitatively describes the financial health of a company. (www. investorwords. com) It consists of a balance sheet, income statements and a cash flow statement. This essay will critically asses the uses and limitations of each of these types of financial statements for a commerce. A balance sheet shows the financial condition of a business at a specific date (Langemeier & Klinefelter 2008). It shows what is owned by the business, what is owed and the owners sh are (net worth) of the business.The balance sheet has three main uses. Firstly, it is used for reporting purposes as part of a limited companys annual accounts. These essential be shown to Companies House, HM Revenue and Customs and any shareholders unless agreed otherwise. It is in like manner used to let potential investors or lenders asses the worth of a business at any given time. This way they can judge whether they think they should be investing currency into the business according to how solvent the business is, how semiliquid its assets are, how the business is financed and how much capital is being used.Finally they can be used by the business itself to analyse how to improve its make outment. There are a few limitations of a balance sheet as some values of current assets are estimated (www. businesslink. gov. uk) therefore the balance sheet does non reflect a 100% accurate financial position of a business. Also, the fixed assets in the balance sheet have taken the depreciation of the asset into consideration and so the true value is not shown.Finally, impalpable assets such as goodwill cannot be measured and are therefore estimated figures too and may be precise inaccurate thus causing the whole balance sheet to be incorrect. Therefore a balance sheet is useful in many ship canal as long as whoever is interpreting the figures takes into consider ation that a few of the figures are not accurate. An income statement, also known as a profit and handout account, measures the profits or losses a business has made over a certain period of time (money-zine. com).If a business wishes to expand and call for a bank loan they will need to produce their profit and loss accounts for the previous three years so the bank can sop up whether they will be sufficient to repay the loan. These must be accurate records or it will be taken into account as fraud. There are many advantages of keeping accurate and up to date records. Firstly, it gives a business the information it needs to be managed and help it grow. If a business can go out where its strong or weak points are and so it can find ways to improve for example by cutting down on expenses.It also enables a business to produce their income statement quickly if required and filling in their tax return easier and quicker which in turn reduces the risk of affaire for late tax payment s. These financial statements are usually available to the public which means competitors can see how each other are doing, however very(prenominal) few people understand them when all transactions are recorded in larger companies. There are also some limitations of income statements one being that its data does not tell the user anything about what may happen in the future or factors that may affect future growth of the company.It is just now limited to accounting data. The second limitation is that not all businesses use an acceptable accounting method. An example from www. money-zine. com states that if a business decides to accelerate depreciation then they hurt short-term net income and earnings (depreciation expense is larger). If they use straight line depreciation, net income in earlier years will be high but it will be lower in the future (all things being equal). The final type of financial statement is a cash flow statement.It records the influx and outflow of cash ov er a period of time. The cash flow statement allows investors to understand how a companys operations are running, where its money is coming from, and how it is being spent. According Hertenstein Article 26 there are three main people that want to see a businesss cash flow statements. Firstly stockholders want to know if the business is generating enough cash to pay dividends. Secondly suppliers want to know if their customers will be able to pay if offered credit.Thirdly investors want to evaluate future growth potential. These types of financial accounts are cheap to maintain because you do not have to be a trained accountant to produce them as they are not a complicated as the other types of financial accounts. Though the cash flow statement is a very useful tool of financial analysis, it has its own limitations which must be kept in mind at the time of its use.The main limitation is that the cash flow statement only records cash transactions and so ignores the basic accounting c oncept of accruals and tems bought on credit and therefore are not suitable for judging the profitability of a business. Also cash flow statements are prepared using historical information which is in the past. Therefore it does not asses what may happen in the future to a businesss accounts. In conclusion, there are many uses for financial statements as they provide a solid picture of a businesss performance when compared to each other, and the users can easily spot flaws in the entitys financial position and manage these accordingly.However their limitations must be considered when analysing the data as they only supply the reader with past and present quantitative data and do not shroud any of the qualitative economic variables such as the morale of the employees or the quality of the management team. There is currently no way of measuring these intangible assets, even though a businesss human resources are some of its most valuable assets.

To what extent and in what ways is Fitzgerald purely critical of Gatsby’s dreams?

iodine of the main themes of The Great Gatsby is that of dreams, none of which is more noticeable than Gatsbys own dream of five years in his interest of Daisy. What is little obvious is how Fitzgerald wants us to react to these dreams, and whether he is being purely diminutive of them or whether he in position does excessively reveal both(prenominal) good in them.In this essay I withdraw to show that although in a lot of bureaus Fitzgerald is critical of Gatsbys dreams, for example by ensuring that Daisy bath never live up to the vision of herself which Gatsby has created, he is not entirely disapproving and in several cases even goes as far as to call forth that dreaming is what makes us hu firearm. One way in which we may be unsure about Fitzgeralds presentation of Gatsbys dreams is whether they are meant to appear romantic or pretty pathetic.At face value it gutter seem to be extremely romantic that Gatsby has waited these five years and remained so loyal to Daisy, a nd I call in that it this way Fitzgerald wants us to be on Gatsbys side. Gatsby himself is portrayed as being a real romantic character and this can be seen in his speech when he talks about the past, for example telling cut off that His heart beat faster as Daisys white face came up to his own. He knew that when he kissed this girl, and evermore wed his unutterable visions to her perishable breath, his mind would never romp again like the mind of God.Fitzgerald clearly is making Gatsby appear to be very wistful and dreamlike, and also is making us more sympathetic to him by making his affair with Daisy and his dreams appear to be very romantic. This would obviously cause the endorser to sympathise more with Gatsby later in the book when everything falls a use, and I think that it is clearly true that Gatsby believes that his get hold of sex of Daisy is very perfect and beautiful. However, this quotation could also be read that Gatsby is going too over the top and is trapped in the past by his dreams.Another good place to see this occurring is when Nick warns Gatsby that he cannot recreate the past and Gatsby replies with Cant repeat the past? Why of course you can . This seems like a very irrational thing for Gatsby to say and it begins us questioning what he really wants from his dreams, whether it is Daisy or just to have the past back as it was. Fitzgerald may be doing this to show Gatsby as a man who is just clutching at a past he no longer has and this may make him appear supplely pathetic.The exclamation mark gives him a signified of panic and questioning makes him appear to be almost incredulous to any other way of seeing the situation, which I think is more critical of Gatsbys dreams as they have blinded him to reality. Overall however, when it comes to romanticism or a slightly pathetic appearance, Fitzgerald remains quite ambiguous and leaves it more up to the reader to arrive at a decision by themselves. , Whichever way it is viewed howe ver, I think in both situations we still have sympathy for Gatsby when his reality doesnt quite live up to the vision.When Fitzgerald comments that no amount of fire or freshness can challenge what a man can store up in his ghostly heart, I think that he is making the quite depressing confidential information here that dreams will always disappoint in the end because reality can never live up to what you can dream of. This is quite a negative view of the outcome of dreams still is perhaps not entirely critical of the idea of having dreams and slightlything to strive for in the first place.Although it may appear that Fitzgerald is condemning dreaming, I actually believe that in this case he may be more positive about it than it seems at first. The character of Gatsby is portrayed as a dreamer, and these aims and human feelings which he possesses ensure that he is much more of an winning character than for example, Jordan, who has no such(prenominal) dreams or ambitions for the fu ture and is often associated with words such as lazy and cool.This makes her seem a lot less human than Gatsby and we empathise with him far more, which I think Fitzgerald wants us to do. This suggests that Fitzgerald is supportive of the dreamer and tells us that he is not opposed to the idea of dreams in general. In fact he associates the illusion with the phrase colossal vitality which again evokes the idea that dreams are linked with the essence of being human and that Fitzgerald views Gatsbys dreams with something other than pure criticism.One of the main criticisms which Fitzgerald does have of Gatsbys dreams is the materialism inherent with them. To gain Daisys affections, Gatsby accumulates extortionate wealth and belongings to attract her, and Daisy herself represents something of the materialistic upper secernate which Gatsby strives to become a part of. This is very concisely put when Gatsby says of Daisy her voice is full of money. Daisys voice has particular prominence as a motif throughout the book but at this point it is almost a leit motif as it gains meaning.All we can judge Daisy by is her voice, we never know her thoughts or what she is really cerebration as what she says is usually quite empty. By saying that her voice is full of money, Gatsby is pinpointing that superficial charm which she has and perhaps even that in being entranced by her voice he has actually fallen for her wealth. This is an extremely critical way of looking at Gatsbys feelings and we probably dont want to believe it of him, but I think we can see it very clearly in Daisy, especially when she sees his Gatsbys house for the first time.In her exclamation of that huge place there? and her reaction to the profuse wardrobe, we can see that Fitzgerald is showing Daisy as well as Gatsby to be very focussed on the material and the possessions. I think that this is a point Fitzgerald wants to make on the subject of The American Dream, of which Gatsbys own dream is quite sym bolic. As Americans, the characters would have been brought up to believe that they could strive to achieve anything and, in short, that nought was out of their reach.Fitzgerald is not only questioning the belief in this, but also the means of getting to it and is making a point about how monastic order has taken this dream to be something materialistic and to do with what you can own, rather than more spiritual or meaningful dreams. In respects to materialism I think that Fitzgerald is almost purely critical of Gatsby, as what he appears to be searching for is not just Daisy but the entire social and economical class which she represents. Another interesting way in which Fitzgerald portrays Gatsbys dreams is by making Daisy seem quite an unworthy person to long for.Although, as said in the preliminary paragraph, she is superficially very beautiful and rich, there appears to be very little under the surface and she tends to talk in quite empty and fantastical phrases such as Id l ike to just get one of those pink clouds and put you in it and push you around. In that case Fitzgeralds alliteration of pink, put and push, as well as the polysyndeton, make her phrasing seem childish and simple not really that of someone who could be relied on for a long lasting relationship.In some ways we may think that Fitzgerald is criticising Gatsbys dreams at this point, after all it seems worthless that he would have spent all this time loving someone who is in fact not worth it at all. This is incredibly clear to us after we see Daisys awful behaviour after the accident when she drives past without stopping, and in a way we can see her treatment of Gatsby as quite similar to this, driving along with him, leaving destruction in her wake and escaping away as fast as she can.In this way Fitzgerald is being very critical and it could seem as if his message is that no matter how much you love someone and dream about them, they could just as easily let you down and run away. I think that there is also a slight positive side to Fitzgeralds choice of making Daisy an unworthy dream, as it shows that everybody can be loved by someone, however this is not very strong as Gatsby does not love Daisy with her faults, and rather it seems that he is just immune to seeing her flaws.Fitzgerald in fact, is probably somewhere in between these views he is not at a time attacking dreams or even Gatsbys dreams, but he is more in this case attacking Daisys character. Although it may be a large lack of judgement skills on Gatsbys side, we cannot blame him entirely and again we still feel sorry for him when Daisy does eventually let him down. Overall I think that it is clear that there is a strong sense of ambiguity when it comes to Fitzgeralds attitude to Gatsbys dreams.However, I feel that the main point he wishes to make is that there is nothing wrong with dreaming, you just have to be careful when choosing your dreams that what you are longing for is actually worthwhi le and wont end up hurting you more than it can make you happy. In Gatsbys case his aim appears to be more to make us feel sorry that he was so misguided in his choice of dream, rather than to berate him for dreaming at all.

Colonization and its Impacts

In addition to this the first wave was caused by the lust for gold, glory, and mercantilism. The second wave had the desire to secure sources of affectionate materials and to improve and save the native people. The colonization of Africa happened between the 1 asss and 1 asss. African societies put up forms of resistance to fight against the attempt to colonize their countries. In scorn of the fight, most of Africa had been colonized by European powers. When the European imperialist pushed into Africa it was titivated by three main factors which were social, political, and economic.Africans were used by the Europeans as a source of salves, raw materials, and riches. The imposition of colonialism on Africa would alter its history forever. There modes of thought, and ways of life were impacted by the change. Prior to the scramble for Africa, their economies were advancing in every area, mostly in the area of trade. The colonizing of Africa was to exploit the physical, human, and ec onomic resources of an area that would benefit the longing nation. Before the colonization, Africa was not economically isolated from the rest of the world.The African states engaged in international trade and the West Africa had specifically developed extensive trading systems. After Livingston opened African the Western missionaries moved in by the thousands. Benefits of the missionaries beingness involved were hospitals, colleges, schools, development projects, abolition of slavery, and improved agricultural methods. With all these benefits you would think it was he best thing that has ever happened, but with all these benefits it came with a cost.European colonialism brought many a(prenominal) things to Africa to include rails and roads but it also cut brought conflicts in the societies today. When the rails and roads were put up, it cut the African continent up into several(prenominal) administrative units. In doing this it created a drag on its development but with everythin g going on in Africa the main conflicts cannot be blamed on colonialism. The African leaders and their greed to satisfy their riches, their ironies and their families is what puts an impact and conflicts in the world today.

Psychology Stress Coursework Essay

Stressed, un match and permanently down the stairs pressure. This is how in the exposure Office Space Peter, a programmer in a big software company, passes his long time and therefore hates his b different several(prenominal) job, his boss and his whole life. When seeking help in hypnosis the therapist dies suddenly and leaves him c over song in a state of total relaxation and casualness so that he neglects orders to do tautological work at weekends, finds the courage to start dating the long admired girl next door, and surprisingly impresses some evaluation interviewers with his new coolness what ends up in unexpected promotion.In the new fix he decides to strike back against his company by inst onlying a virus-like software to invincibly absent m angiotensin converting enzymey from the company to their bank account together with his just fired friends Michael and Samir. By mistake, however, the plan gets solely out of defy so that they fear their uncovering and decide t o secretly return the money, which after some confusion produced by mentally handicapped Milton who has been humiliated by the boss so far and therefore sets the whole office on fire finally brings all of them to a happy life in relief, relaxation and harmony. just now before that relaxation can ease his life, Peter is exposed to a cast of stressors (most of them having been discussed in our lesson) at the beginning of the movie. Most prominent are task-related job stressors. Peter is responsible for of the essence(p) reports to fix millennium bugs in bank software and simultaneously works for eight bosses. This note sets him under daily pressure when e.g. his boss asks him to deliver a report by the same day he didnt even start working on by midday, or when he gets negative feedback from all his bosses for a single mistake. Together with gamy levels of monotony and the fact that he has almost no control on the type and amount of work hes got to do wislender rigid deadlines, t his situation is a constant source of psychological pressure and imbalance.Additional stress originates from physical stressors like the affect to work in small and stuffed office boxes, disturbances by loud and annoying office equipment or by getting periodic calls from colleagues and bosses, like e.g. Milton, who permanently talks crab and even calls him on the phone for that. only stressors can be identified as demanding and privacy-hostile working-time arrangements. When he for example tries hard to escape his boss on a Friday afternoon to not risk a last-minute weekend shift, but badly fails, one can imagine that the view of a boring and nerve-racking Saturday at work is everything but relaxing.But even in his private life poor Peter is far from being relaxed and easygoing. When he for representative comes home to relax after a long day in the office, his neighbour can accent every single breath he does and they can talk to each former(a) through the thin wall, which can b e considered as a kind of social stressor within his own apartment. The same is true for his fear to talk to the waitress in his favourite lunch restaurant, who he always wants to invite for a date, but never finds enough courage to do so.All those stressors show obvious consequences and lead to correct symptoms of strain. While no realistic physiological strain in form of illness or speck is shown in the movie (although Id be quite sure that he suffers from high occupation pressure), job-related and emotional signs of strain are heavily appearing. In his job, Peter reacts to raising stressors with lack of pauperization and a clearly decreased satisfaction in both his professional and private life. Emotional strain can be identified in his general burnout symptoms and e.g. in dramatic loss of patience. The latter is nicely shown at the very beginning of the movie, when he is stuck in heavy traffic and tries to be faster by permanently changing lanes to the assumed faster one which of course turns out to be a totally wrong strategy and makes him proceed even slower than an old and handicapped pedestrian on the sidewalk.To fill with his stressors, Peter applies several coping strategies in both problem-focussed and emotion-focussed manners. His activities to start work always late, to avoid real work as good as possible and to play computer games or surf in the internet instead, can all be classified as problem-focussed because they all are an attempt to mixture the stress producing conditions at work and make his daily routine more relaxed. The same is true for his symmetrical and elongated coffee breaks with Michael and Samir, independently if there is the boss waiting or an urgent deadline approaching. On the other hand, his decision to undergo a hypnosis therapy is an emotion-focussed coping strategy, because its an midland process to change his attitude to stressful events, rather than changing the cause of stress itself.However, I believe those two categories of coping strategies are jolly flexible and interfering, since a persons internal attitude towards a job can become a stressor itself by e.g. setting a person under additional pressure to fulfil certain tasks under high self-expectations. However, it was the hypnosis that finally brought substantial relief and relaxation in Peters life. Due to the unplanned fact that he stayed trap in his hypnotized state, he managed to approach both his work and his private life in a very relaxed and cool way, and even when initially not expected by himself and his environment, led to an increase in his motivation, joy, brought him more credit in his professional evaluation and finally facilitated a relaxed and satisfied life.Even when the movie is clearly exaggerating at many points, the basic idea of how Peter is coping with the mentioned stressors is quite reasonable to me. In an office environment it is normally quite difficult to change tight work schedules, deadlines or an o ver demanding boss. For that reason, the attempt to minimize stress by e.g. keeping social contacts in coffee breaks or maintaining compact resting phases during work seem to be helpful and applicable coping mechanisms.If by hypnosis or any other method, the relaxation of internal tension seems to be most reasonable to me. In real life changes exit certainly never be as dramatic as shown in the movie, but reducing internal pressure can surely help to find a way back to a relaxed and balanced life, which doubtlessly can increase overall satisfaction, joy and motivation. This can by the way partially be back up by allowing aggressions against bothersome machines like the poor office printer in the movie I do believe that such behaviour can bring big relief sometimes

Restate Nuware’s Essay

1.) Restate Nuwares 2013 earnings as if the company had used the same score manners and assumptions as R.P. Stuart. Your answer should focus on, but non necessarily be limited to, Nuwares report for investments, dues, inventory, and PP&E.From the discussions in Nuwares notes and the comparison with RP.Stuarts financial statement, we noticed that on that point are several(prenominal) distinct business relationship policies being adopted, including receivables, inventory, advertisement cost and PP&E. Moreover, it seems that Nuware is use gains on investment to manipulate total income. Therefore, we make some adjustment to make the comparison between Nuware and R.P Stuart more reliable. For instance, we assumed the same reserve/receivable ratios of these two companies to avoid potential aggressive revenue recognition by Nuwares management (see Appendix). However, there is not enough information to make adjustment on PP&E depreciations.Then we can canvas the work of these two companies in 2013 (as shown below). However, we cannot get find enough information to make a across-the-board adjustment on 2012 data (in particular, we dont have the estimation on 2011 inventory using FIFO method). As a result, we cannot calculate the growth rate of EPS precisely here.2.) Assess the financial performance of Nuware versus R.P. Stuart. Nuware and R.P. Stuart are in the same industry and share virtually identical business model, which make them comparable. in the first place adjustment, Nuware showed a much better financial performance than that of R.P Stuart regards to net income, gross profit margin, return on asset & equity, and EPS growth etc. After making necessary adjustment, we found that Nuware still outperforms R.P.Stuart, but with a smaller margin. The real net income is only 71% of the original figure, which subsequently lowered the return on assets and equity. But due to the higher leverage ratio, Nuwares return on equity is still 2x that of R.P.Stuart ( originally 3x). However, what worries us most is the combination of a negative earnings growth and slower sales growth.Using these criteria, Nuware is not beating the industry (actually performed worse than R.P Stuart in terms of sales growth in 20131).3.) Would you characterize the accounting discretion applied by Nuwares management as aggressive? Why or wherefore not?Nuwares Management accounting discretion can be seen as aggressive for several reasons 1. They artificially lower the allowance of account receivable to boost income and gross margin. Moreover, when estimating reserves, percentage of sales method is less accurate than the detailed monthly review method adopted by R.P Stuarts. 2. Compared to R.P. Stuart, LIFO decreased the tax and LIFO liquidation in year 2013 resulting in artificially high net income as well. 3. The recognition of unrealized gains for available for sale investment assets also contributed to the higher net income, which should be considered distribu tively from income from its core business. 4. There might be some aggressive assumptions when depreciating PP&E, which deserves more detailed analysis.

Mystery Shopper Next

For our marketing Research spew we were required to carry out extensive research on the topic of riddle obtain. This project required us to construct a mystery obtain design of a service business. The service business that was elect was succeeding(a), a renowned retailer for fashion and homeware. The project will outline the objectives of the research and the mystery shopping programme.It will also examine the results of the programme and nonify possible recommendations. Methodology The primary objective of the report was to find out the publics learning of Next. In state to attain this information, we decided it was best to initiate a mystery shopper programme. This programme touch hand-picking ten individuals, based on age, sex, and location, to act as consumers in Next. Each individual was to enter the chosen chime in and to return h starst feedback on their experience, through the use of a questionnaire.The drafted questionnaire examined areas such as line layout, st ave, and ambience. The objective of this was to access direct knowledge of consumers opinions in areas that were outlined in the questionnaire and mystery shopper briefing. In order to eliminate bias, individu e very last(predicate)y selected individual was briefed on under sales boothing the questionnaire and what aspects of the shop were to be examined. The chosen method provided us with objective feedback which was essential in the completion of the report. Findings In this section of the report we will show our findings of apiece memory board that was visited.Alto specifyher in that location were seven re processings visited. (Sligo, Enniskillen, Letterkenny, Athlone, Castlebar, Limerick and the retentivity in the Jervis shopping centre in Dublin). These are our findings Sligo The Sligo strain is located in the quayside shopping centre in Sligo town. The storehouse was visited on four occasions. On each occasion the store was clean and brawny on the inside and out. On e very visit the ever-changing elbow rooms were level-headed. The outside of the shop was lov equal and inviting towards clients, with posters advertising a sale and an entrancing and pump familial c treathes display in the window.The store is completely wheelchair accessible. No one was greeted as they entered the store, on one visit members of mental faculty were standing around talking amongst themselves, and only when one psyche thought that at that place was a welcome atmosphere in the store as it was warm and there was calming medicament being played. Three out of four race were pleased with the temperature within the shop with one person thinking the air conditioning was turned up too high. The clothes on display were mild to reach for three out of four of the customers, with the same amount finding that exclusively sizes were on display.Only on twain of the visits were the cater wearing the cook up similar, such as name badges. On just two out of the four visi ts the staff asked if assistance was needed and only one customer utter that eye contact was made with them and that they were civilized. At the bowl there was an average of 1-4 till kiosks open with slight than volt people in each queue. On all four visits it did non canvas long to set about served and all of the customers were thanked for shopping at the store, notwithstanding found that the clear signs were not clearly illuminated. exclusively four people said that they would recommend the Sligo store to others. The overall opinions of the store varied. One out of the four customers said that it was perfect. extinct of the other three, more helpful staff, a new layout, lower shelves and a bigger store were mentioned. Enniskillen The Next store in Enniskillen is located in the Erneside shopping centre in Enniskillen. This store was visited on only one occasion. On this occasion the first appearance and the outside of the store were clean and brawny. The inside was als o tidy.It was enthralling on the eye and the changing rooms were spotless. The outside of the shop looked attractive and inviting due to the black and neat theme on the outside of the shop which Next is renowned for. The store is wheelchair accessible. The customer was not greeted by any member of staff on entrance to the store and thought the atmosphere was not take as it was dark inside the store. The customer thought that the temperature in the store was comfort satisfactory. They were not asked however by any member of staff if they needed assistance.The customer found that some of the rails in the store were too high exclusively all sizes were stocked with and that the staff were helpful when asked about the sizes, but not all members of staff were wearing a name badge. At the checkout four checkouts were open and there was less than cinque people in the queue, and did not gull to wait long to get served. The customer was thanked for shopping at the store and found that the exit signs were clearly visible. This customer said that they would recommend this store to others and that the staff were quite friendly but could dupe been more helpful.Theyre overall opinion was that the store could be bigger with more or better lighting conditions. Letterkenny The Letterkenny store is located in Letterkenny retail Park. This store was visited on one occasion. On this occasion the outside of the premises was not clean and tidy and did not look attractive and inviting to customers as it looked dirty. The store is wheelchair accessible. On immersion the store the customer was not greeted by a member of staff and the atmosphere was not welcoming as the medicine in the store was very faint and couldnt be heard clearly.Other than that the inside of the store was clean, tidy and attractive. The temperature in the shop was fine also. No member of staff asked the customer if they needed assistance. The customer was not able to reach some of the clothes as they were hung too high. Not all the sizes were displayed and stocked but the staff did check to see if they had the size in the store room. The changing room was tidy and uncluttered. When the customer got to the till four tills were in operation, there were more than five people in the queue and it took six transactions for them to get served.The staff at the checkout were described as friendly and thanked the customer for shopping in the store. The exit signs were clearly illuminated. The customer said their overall experience of shopping in the store was baffle but acceptable. The customer also said that they would not recommend this store to others because not all sizes were stocked and the atmosphere in the shop and the customer service was poor, and suggested having more staff on the floor. Athlone The Next store in Athlone is located in the Athlone Town shopping centre, just off the M6 motorway.This store was visited once only. The entrance to the store was clean and tidy and the o utside of the store was attractive and inviting to customers. The store is wheelchair accessible. When the customer entered the store they were not greeted by anyone. The atmosphere within the shop was not welcoming as there was no music being played in the store, but the temperature was acceptable. The inside of the store was attractive, but the changing rooms were not tidy and unsatisfactory. The clothes were easy to view and reach but not all sizes were displayed.No member of staff asked if the customer needed assistance, but they were polite and helpful when getting a bigger size for the customer. All staff were wearing full uniform including name badges. When the customer got to the checkout there were four tills in operation and did not take long to get served. They were not thanked for shopping at the store but said the checkout staff were friendly and the exit signs were clear and illuminated. The customer said that they would recommend this store to others as they had a pr icey overall experience in the store but feel that more staff are needed.Castlebar The Castlebar store is located in Lannagh Road Retail Park which is a five minute walk from the main street in Castlebar. The entrance to the store was not up to type as it was not clean and tidy, although the front of the shop was. The store is wheelchair accessible. When the customer entered the store they were greeted by a member of staff, and due to this made the atmosphere of the store feel welcoming. The inside of the store itself was clean and attractive and the temperature of the store was fine. A member of staff offered assistance, with a smile and good eye contact was made.All staff were wearing the correct uniform with their name badges. All of the sizes were displayed on the rails and they were easily accessible. The changing room was clean and tidy. At the till only a limited act of tills were in operation with less than five people in the queue and it took around three minutes to get s erved. The customer was thanked for shopping at the store and the exits were clearly marked and illuminated. This customer would recommend this store to others due to the friendly and welcoming atmosphere, but suggests better parking facilities. LimerickThe Limerick store is located in the Crescent shopping centre in Limerick which is situated two miles outside of Limerick city centre. The entrance to the shop was not clean and tidy and was block up by a stand, this did not yield the store look attractive and inviting to customers, although it was bright and lit up, the stand spoilt it. The store is wheelchair accessible. The customer was not greeted by a member of staff on debut the store and the atmosphere was not very welcoming. Also the store did not have a new-fangled feel to it, which Next would have a reputation for being.The store was not clean or tidy either. The temperature in the store was not sufficient as the customer found it very stuffy. One of the good points abo ut this store was that a member of staff did ask if the customer needed assistance but did not smile or depict eye contact while doing so. The staff were wearing the correct uniform including name badges. The clothes were easily reachable on the rails but not all sizes were displayed or stocked and staff were not helpful when asked for another size. The changing room was clean and tidy.At the checkout there were 1-3 checkouts in operation with more than five people in the queue. It took ten minutes to get served, and the checkout staff did not speak. The customer was not thanked for shopping at the store but the exit signs were clear and illuminated. This customer would not recommend this store others due to not being felt welcomed or comfortable in the store and believes that the store should be renovated. Dublin There are many undermentioned stores in Dublin but the one that was visited was the one located in the Jervis shopping centre in Dublin city centre.This store was visite d on one occasion. The entrance to the store was not clean and tidy but the outside of the store looked attractive and inviting due to the window display of the stores clothing. The store is wheelchair accessible. On entering the store the customer was not greeted by a member of staff, but the atmosphere was welcoming and the temperature in the store was nice and warm. The inside of the store was clean, tidy and attractive. The customer was not asked by any member of staff if they needed assistance. The clothes were easy to view and reach, and all sizes were displayed.The changing room was clean, tidy and uncluttered. At the till there were between 1-3 checkouts open, there was less than five people in the queue, it did not take long to get served. The staff were not neatly dressed and wearing their name badges but they were polite and made good eye contact with the customer and thanked the customer for shopping at the store. The exit signs were not clearly illuminated in this store . The customer would recommend this to others as the staff were very friendly. But said that they should be better dressed. RecommendationsIn this part of the report we outline the recommendations that we would make to Next based on our findings from the mystery shopping exercise. These are our recommendations Firstly we believe that they should retrain right across the board. From shop assistants right up to managers. There should be a strict set of rules implemented into this training and an exam must(prenominal) be passed by all employees. The employees will then get a certificate to say that they have stainless this. The managers would have to complete a more advanced course, dealing with all the topics the employees have to with a hardly a(prenominal) added extras.During this training the following must be covered. Employees 1. Customers must be greeted when they walk in the door to make them feel welcomed. 2. Staff must ask customers if they need assistance within thirty se conds of them being on the premises. 3. When speaking to customers, speak politely and mannerly and eye contact must be made. 4. Correct uniform must be worn at all times. Especially a name badge. 5. Staff must make sure that the changing rooms are clean and clutter free at all times. 6. Make sure all sizes are on display. 7.If there is a substantial queue at the till, get another staff member to open another till. 8. Always thank the customer for shopping at the store. Managers 1. Make sure the outside of the premises is kept clean. 2. Delegate different employees to particular jobs. And make sure everybody knows what there job is. 3. Make sure that the music in the shop is on, clear and noisy enough so the customers can hear it but not so loud that it is deafening. 4. Keep on top of the uniform issue as this was one of the weak areas of the mystery shopping survey.Secondly we believe that you should have a review of all your stores and try and complete any work that needs to be d one. much(prenominal) as a new layout or renovation. For example. The store in Limerick was described as not very modern. Next is well known for having a fashionable range of clothing and if the shop does not spring this image then customers will not come into the store. Another example would be a lot of rails have been described as too high. You could combat this by making them lower or having a hook that customers would use to reach the clothing. Finally we would recommend that you should look at your staffing policy.On a number of visits to your stores it has pointed out that if there was more staff then it would have been a better shopping experience. still one more extra staff member per store would make a huge difference. finding Overall, the project was a huge success. The implementation of the Questionnaire gave us valuable opinions which were vital in being able to recommend changes for the service. The physical aspect of the mystery shopper enabled us to gather first h and, unbiased information which would have been very difficult to receive, had another method of research been chosen. Appendices

Earthquake in Japan Essay

On March 11, 2011, the most powerful seism ever save hit lacquers easterly coast. It killed hundreds of quite a little as it made its way through the streets and fields, sweeping away boats, cars and homes. Its magnitude was 8.9, releasing a 23-foot tsunami and then provoking more than 50 aftershocks for hours. This horrific event resulted in the loss of thousands of lives and devastated entire towns.The tot up of damage caused by the earthquake and resulting tsunami was excessive, with most of the damage being caused by the tsunami. Thousands of families were left without electricity. Many thermo atomic and conventional power plants went offline after the earthquake. Cell phones and landline services suffered major disruptions so many people werent able to communicate with their relatives across the country. Japans transportation was too affected. Expressways were damaged cars and trucks were sweep away by the tsunami and railway services washbasincelled. The earthquake was caused by an uplift of the sea floor, where the Pacific architectonic plate slides beneath the plate Japan sits on.This motion pulls the upper plate down until the stress builds up enough to cause a seismic event. Tons of miles of crust ruptured along the area where the tectonic plates meet. Since the earthquake occurred at a very shallow depth, much of its energy was released at the seafloor, therefore causing the tsunami that devastated Japan and causing chaos among the Japanese community. crimson though Japan was said to be prepared for a natural disaster such(prenominal) as a tsunami by building protective walls, the large sizing of the water surge was completely unexpected.The tsunami walls were built based on much smaller tsunami heights recorded in the past. To the surprise of the Japanese people, the tsunami simply washed over the top of the seawalls, collapsing some in the process. The tsunami also caused a number of nuclear accidents. Many electrical generators were taken down, and at least three nuclear reactors suffered explosions due cooling system failure.The tsunami waves overtopped seawalls and destroyed diesel backup power systems, leading to severe problems such as large explosions and radioactive leakage. It has been almost a year since the devastating 9.0 earthquake and tsunami destroyed coastal communities in northern Japan killing more than 15,000 people. What struck me the most about this tragedy is the response of the Japanese community and picturing what it would have been like to be present at that moment. I can simply imagine the terror in peoples faces trying to survive and doing everything they could to save their families and themselves. Even though thousands of people died, those who lived through this horrible experience can count with our total support and alleviate from those who could not do anything at the moment and simply watched as Mother Nature, once again, did its job.

James Joyce’s “Eveline” Analysis Essay

James Joyces Eveline, one of the hornswoggle stories in The Dubliners , is a tommyrot based upon the friction which advise exist between familial and ro creationtic love , the conflicts between the paired survival of the fittests of perpetuating the status quo versus initiating irreversible change , and the agonies that ar experienced when pivotal finales defecate to be make and regent(postnominal) just divergent emotions inevitably collide.The plot is non complex. The score opens we line up a young cleaning woman who is agonising over a vital bread and neverthelesstertime choice. She is bored and overworked , victimised and adventureed by her truculent and occasion eithery drunken spawn yet she has been offered the put on the line of salvation from these circumstances by a potence lover who would transport her far away perhaps never to return. Her decision as to whether to take this chance causes her much distress as she wrestles with the leanings for both sta ying and handout. In the end she decides to stay , perhaps no weensy curseed , perhaps in the future to regret what might defy been we argon not told the story closes.Such has been the basic theme , with of course or so variations , for countless stories , anecdotes , legends , dramas , novels (ancient and modern) , and make up fairy tales. Twist the end point and we have the story of Cinderella modify the aim to a crippled husband and we have the basis for peeress Chatterleys Lover keep the ending , alter the setting and exaggerate the motivation of the main characters and we see Brief Encounter. If we delve at random into a shelf of Mills and Boon novellas or riffle through the pages of each one of a number of womens periodical magazines we risk discovering this recurrent date - girl stressed and unhappy , girl f alones in love , girl offered chance of a biographytime , girl torments herself with decision (should she ? , shouldnt she ?) , girl decides , girl live s with the instants of the decision happily or remorsefully as the case may be.So it is not for the originality of its plot that we should commend Joyces work nor in that locationfore for the colour of the setting for what little action there is. We k at a time the localisition of function is Dublin because of the storys inclusion in the collection of tales slightly characters in that city and withal by the incidental mentioning of places in the Dublin area when their puzzle was alive , they had all gone for a picnic to the Hill of Howth.. Whilst we have a hint of Evelines Catholicism beside the colour print of the Blessed Margaret Mary and her fathers erstwhile raving in Gaelic Derevaun Seraun , we get little sense of Dublin or even Ireland from the piece.Even though there are a few little extra hints within Joyces language frank had come over to the old country for a holiday and we learn dribble Gavan always had an edge on her, these are surely not intended to pe rsuade us of any special Irish dimension to the story and are merely written in that fashion for no other(a) reason than Joyce himself was Dublin Irish. Thus the circumstances of this tale could quite easily have contact any Catholic family resident in any large industrial seaport in the British Isles Dublin of course , but quite easily Liverpool , Glasgow , London , Cork , Belfast , Swansea , Bristol , Newcastle.Knowing Joyce for the shining writer that he developed into with his publication of Ulysses , a work comm exactly regarded as a great leap forward for fiction , only eight years after The Dubliners , we must assume that he was trying to communicate to the reader images and ideas over and above the banality of the basic plot and the independence of location and environment. To establish these images , we have to probe the characters , the nature of the conflict and the complex emotions which Eveline is experiencing unitedly with their reasons. As with more of Joyces works , when we probe we find concepts that are only hinted at or are virtually hard these outhouse help provide us with the keys to unlock our scaning of Evelines pain in short our answer as to why her hands clutched the iron in frenzy. Amid the seas she sent a cry of anguish , at the closing summit of the story.There are three principal individuals within the story Eveline , the eponymic character from whose viewpoint the story is written , her (unnamed) father who manifests many of the conflicting causes for her anxiety and Frank , her ambitious lover and husband , who offers an apparent opportunity for Eveline to escape from the stifling and potentially violent drudgery which is her life in the Dublin of 1914. Other members of the family play barely mentioned (yet vital as we shall see) roles Evelines late(a) nonplus , her two brothers ( Harry and Ernest (deceased) ) , and two young apparently unattached children.The story opens with Eveline pondering the choice she i s set about with and cl forraderhand(predicate) finding a decision close elusive. The opening paragraph creates for us a the right way image of her own course credit of what she leave behinding be exit behind if indeed she escapes with Frank. Joyces choice of language communicates how emotionally exhausting this decision process is for Eveline her head was leaned against the window curtains she was tired.Clear as well , from the physical changes to her surroundings , is the circumstance that Eveline has been living in the same place at least since early childhood and will thus possibly experience even greater homesickness as a consequence of her life experience to date being concentrated within just one intense environment. Joyce lets us know this as he refers to the changes Eveline has witnessed and the evolution of the personalities within her family and set of family friends E realthing changes , we are told Eveline considers this and realises that everybody around her has experienced some form of change or departure. except her Now , for the first time she is faced with abandoning all of her roots Now she was going to go away like the others , to leave her home.So what contour of person is Eveline? Naturally confined by the limited scope of the short story , Joyce skilfully tells us just enough for us to form our preliminary opinions and make our subsequent judgements. The only physical fact Joyce tells us about Eveline is that she was over nineteen , nothing about her appearance , nothing really substantial about her demeanour outside of the confines of the momentous decision she has to take thus , we have to think if we are interested is she dark or fair ? is she pretty or plain ? is she normally a happy person or a sad one ? is she shy or outgoing ? We can only make up our own questions and speculate upon the answers if Joyce omits telling us then they are unimportant.What can we learn about Eveline from what Joyce does tell us however? Clearly she has grown lonely as members of her family have died or departed and her father has become more hostile to her. One feels that prior to Franks arrival in her life she was exposed to very little sympathetic adult company in recent times Her brothers and sisters were all grown up her stimulate was stagnant. Tizzie Dunn was dead , too , and the Waters had gone back to England. We learn that she resents her job at the stores and the fact that ( as she perceives it) , she is undervalued her place would be filled up by advertisement. Miss Gavan would be glad..She would not cry many tears at leaving the stores . Eveline herself probably also has doubts about her own self-worth she believes that marriage would ensure People would treat her with respect then. She would not be treated as her mother had been..From the text itself It was hard work a hard life , she is clearly an industrious person combining a job with looking after a kinsperson which includes two young children (maybe her nephews / nieces by her late brother Ernest we are never told) and the ever sinister presence of her potentially violent and money-obsessed father he wasnt going to give her his hard-earned money to throw about the streets. The reader can almost hear these same rowing being utilise to Evelines mother years previously certainly Eveline can.It is thus the relationship with her father that lies at the feel of any commit Eveline has to escape from her current life. We learn that years ago , things were better than today Her father was not so bad then and besides , her mother was alive. , and that on the day of the Hill of Howth picnic he had been a source of fun She remembered her father putting on her mothers bonnet to make the children prank. Things have sadly degenerated now however Joyce skilfully paints a picture for us of a man , perhaps himself having failed to recover from the grief of his wifes death , venting his wrath upon the only oth er human within reach. There is a hint of drunken anger for he was usually pretty bad of a Saturday night we know Eveline is vulnerable as a lone female who evokes memories of her mother in him a mother whom he used to mistreat And now she had nobody to protect her. Ernest was dead and Harry . was nearly always down somewhere in the country.. Clearly the situation is not only threatening for Eveline but is worsening and besides had begun to weary her unspeakably .Within the paragraph which describes the degeneration of Evelines relationship with her father and the increasing level of verbal violence coupled with the threat of this becoming at last physical , Joyce uses an accomplished yet complex metaphor. Previously we have been told of Evelines determination not to be treated as her mother had been , yet we are then immediately and almost directly told by Joyce that this is in fact the inevitable outcome towards which her fathers hostility is leading her he had begun t o threaten her and say what he would do to her only for her dead mothers sake. The metaphor occurs in the verbal description of Eveline after yet another financial quarrel with her father as she struggles to do her obtain and so she had to rush out as quickly as she could and do her marketing , holding her dull leather purse tightly in her hand as she elbowed through the crowds and returning home late under her load of provisions. Why do we need such a relatively enormous description of a somewhat trivial aspect of Evelines routine ? To show us surely that she has effectively become her mother doing household things which her mother used to undertake in reaction to the same abuse. When , in the next sentence , we are told about Evelines obligations towards the children She had hard work to keep the house together and to see that the two young childrenwent to school regularly and got their meals then the transfer is complete she has totally , but inadvertently perhaps , a ssumed the role of her dead mother within the new family unit and will presumably be subjected to the same miseries , discomposure and maybe even early madness and death.Into this scenario of drudgery , humiliation , stress and fear appears Evelines potential personal saviour in the form , not of Prince captivate , but of Frank the navy man. Instead of a glittering coach to the ball , he offers marriage and a home in Buenos Aires. As the relationship develops , Eveline , from being initially flattered and grateful for his courtesy he used to meet her outside the Stores every evening and see her home , becomes elated by going with him to the playing field then experiences excitement at having a fellow later this excitement is probably enhanced when her father bans the liaison and forces the affair to become illicitly progressed.The question has to be of course Where is love in all of this? and it is a question which Eveline probably asks herself only when she has to on the day the boat will sail. Joyce tells us of many domineering aspects of her feelings for the opportunities presented by a life with Frank - she will be married Frank is very kind , manly , open-hearted he has a home awaiting her far away he is handsome his bull tumbled forward over a face of bronze they had come to know each other Frank would save her , would take her in his arms , fold her in his arms she had even begun to like him In spite of all of the negatives about Evelines existence Joyce intimates to us early in the story that she harbours hygienic doubts about giving up everything which is familiar to her in exchange for a new life from which there would be no going back. His choice of words cleverly intimate Evelines doubts to us we are told She had consented to go away , to leave her home and that in her new home in a yon unknown country etc. etc. and of course the fact that the strongest emotion Eveline feels for Frank is to like him exactly wo rds which indicate a yearning for a new life based upon romance and love.So to the choice itself and Evelines dilemma as the time draws near and she must depart with Frank. The disparity in the volume of information we are given by Joyce about each alternative ( staying or going) is very evident the story inundates us with information which is negative about Evelines life , positive about Frank and his offer , all of which is therefore , on the face of it , supportive of the going case. We are told at length about the drudgery of her job and home life , the bad relationship with her father , Franks qualities and what he would provide , Evelines fundamental need to escape. Thus the quantity of the argument for going would seem to make the option impregnable.But we know that in life quantity counts for little and that , founded as they are , mainly upon negative emotions the quality of the arguments for running away with Frank are weak. This is the meaning of this story and it is Jo yces brilliance in subtly making us aware of the feelings and the anchors which will eventually cause Eveline to choose to stay , which earmark him as a great author. What are the emotions which conflict with Evelines surface desire to go in brief these are - fear of change from the familiar doubts as to whether her father is that bad fear of being forgotten the fact that the decision would be virtually irreversible fear of Frank not living up to expectations the promise she gave to her dying mother.Fear of change is a powerful human emotion and of course Eveline is feeling imposing. We see her recalling her childhood and reassessing the objects in her home now that she plans to leave She looked round the room , reviewing all its familiar objects which she had dusted once a week for so many years we can almost feel the anticipated homesickness here Cleverly , Joyce strengthens this by noting that as Eveline is posing at the window considering all of this in her nostrils was the odour of dusty cretonne. The author knows that stinks are one of the most powerfully evocative senses how often do we the readers recall childhood memories instantaneously when we come across a barely-remembered aroma? Joyce actually uses this image twice towards the end of the description of Evelines thoughts he again tells us she was leaning her head against the window curtain , inhaling the odour of dusty cretonne..We see Eveline , in her indecision , number 1 to doubt whether her father is that bad. It is almost as if she has decided to herself that absence makes the heart grow fonder even before she has gone. We are told that , in spite of his threats and hostility towards her , Sometimes he could be very nice , that he had been kind when Eveline had been unwell and that she did not find it a wholly undesirable life. She is also dread(a) perhaps of being forgotten the description of the snatch has been inserted to let us know of this Whenever he showed the ph otograph to a visitor her father used to pass it with a casual word He is in Melbourne now. but Eveline never found out the name. Is she imagining that in very few years she will become just a faded memory can she hear in her mind She is in Argentina now ?That a decision to go would be irreversible is less complex to understand when we consider the very geography of her would-be destination and its distance from Dublin and how that would appear in 1914 also the fact that in Catholic Ireland a marriage would be absolutely permanent. More subtle are the fears that she harbours over Frank although we are told only good things about him , we become aware , through the neb of his experiences that he is probably quite a bit older than Eveline and certainly more experienced in the ways of the world in contrast to her virginal naivet. Her father had said I know these sailor chaps when he forbade the relationship and although Eveline carried on meeting Frank secretly , how much of h er fathers words struck home? After all she only met Frank a few weeks ago.Then we come to the promise made to her dead mother to keep the home together as long as she could presumably to continue to look after her father and the two (unidentified) children. Possibly these are her mothers grandchildren , probably the offspring of Evelines dead brother Ernest we can only guess but clearly the family was significant enough for her mother to extract such a promise. In the story Eveline recalls her mother and the promise by the sound of an organ-player who is reminiscent of the night she died ( sound as well as smell is evocative)So how significant is this promise? As a Catholic , Eveline would probably be fearful of breaking a promise to the dead even though she might be able to avow it later. But she seems to recall at the same time the pitiful vision of her mothers life..that life of commonplace sacrifices closing in final craziness. How valid , she might be considering , wou ld a promise be when it was made to a woman in the advanced stages of delirium. Eveline asks herself too Why should she be unhappy? and probably thinks would Mother have wanted me to be so unhappy?.Yet in the end Eveline decides to stay and we are witness to the wonderfully descriptive scene as she finally agonises and then succumbs to let her fears of the unknown dominate her decision. I believe it is purely fear that keeps Eveline in Ireland and that the promise made to her dying mother will be used by her , in the future , to justify her decision to herself a decision that she had already made.Joyces story is a powerfully crafted piece which is very prospering in portraying the pressures which can exist when security and fear of the unknown become represented as family and romantic love and then vie for a decision. The anguish that Eveline experiences builds during the story from the quiet time when she sat at the window watching the evening invade the avenue to the zenith of the tale when Her distress awoke a nausea in her body and she kept moving her lips in silent fervent prayer. A bell clanged upon her heart. The sadness of the story however is paradoxically in its anticlimactic ending when , deprived of love , deprived of escape, both situations perhaps self-inflicted , Eveline looks after Frank and - her eyes gave him no sign of love or recognition.